Christian Beliefs on Discrimination and Prejudice Essay

Christian Beliefs on Discrimination and Prejudice Most Christians agree that discrimination and prejudice are wrong. Both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England have similar views on racism but slightly differing views on sexism and women in the church. Text Box: Racism /Â’reÄ ±sÄ ±(Éâ„ ¢)m/ n. 1 a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities. And that racial difference produces an inherent superiority of a particular race. 2 racial prejudices or discrimination. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚ ¡racist n. adj.The definition of racism is ___This part means that race is the thing that influences who we are the most, not personality etc. ___This part means that racial differences produce†¦show more content†¦Matthew 28:19 Ââ€Å"Go and make disciples of all nations† This instruction from Jesus to his disciples proves that Jesus doesnÂ’t care what nationality or race disciples are, only that His message and teachings get spread to everyone. Galatians 3:28 Ââ€Å"There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus† Written by Paul to the churches in Galatia, this means that Christians need to treat everyone equally, no matter of their nationality, social status or gender. Revelations 7:9 Ââ€Å"from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the lamb† Revelations is the book of the Bible depicting the apocalypse and the final battle between Satan and God written by John. This quote means that at the end of the world, everyone, regardless of race or nationality, stands before Jesus to be judged. Luke 10:25 - THE GOOD SAMARITAN (30-35) Ââ€Å"A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, when he fell into the hands of robbers. They stripped him of his clothes, beat him and went away, leaving him half-dead. A priest happened to be going down the same road, and when he saw the man, he passed by on the other side. So too, a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a Samaritan, as heShow MoreRelatedPrejudice and Discrimination Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice and Discrimination Prejudice: 1) an opinion formed without careful thought.2) an unreasonable or unfair feeling (in favour of, or against something). Discrimination : 1) to be the difference between. 2) (with favour of, against ) to treat favourably or unfairly. These are the dictionaries definitions of what the two words mean, obviously very briefly. Different forms of prejudice and discrimination are the underlining of racism, sexism, ageism, nationalismRead MoreReligious and Ethnic Diversity863 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious Christian religions and was unable to choose one to follow. He turned to the Bible, which told him to ask God when he lacked wisdom. So he prayed to God, and was visited by the Heavenly Father and his Son, Jesus Christ. According to one of the members of the governing body of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Bruce McConkie (1958), â€Å"Mormonism is indistinguishable from Christianity†. However, there are some distinct differences between Mormonism and other Christian religionsRead MoreRacial and Cultural Prejudice Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many themes woven into the play The Merchant of Venice, Prejudice being the most evident. This prejudice is mainly racial (against race) or cultural (against lifestyle, i.e. religion, culture†¦) and is one of the leading causes of conflict in the play. Prejudice towards Jews, prejudice toward s Christians, and prejudice towards people of different colour and prejudice of others with different nationalities, are all present in the play. (transition) Here come another of the tribe: a thirdRead MoreEssay on Atheism, the Hidden Prejudice1362 Words   |  6 PagesAtheism, the Hidden Prejudice Prejudice has plagued our society since its conception. There have been great strides taken in educating people to the ignorance of racism, hatred, and bigotry. The majority people feel that it is wrong to judge someone based on their race, sexual preference, or sex. Mention to people that you do not believe in a god, and you will often find hate-filled stares, ignorant remarks, and judgments made. To better understand this, we will discuss the following in thisRead MoreDifferent Forms of Prejudice Present in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare1159 Words   |  5 PagesDifferent Forms of Prejudice Present in The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare Different types of people, affected by their own views can define prejudice in many different ways. The Collins Concise Dictionary definition of prejudice is an opinion formed beforehand, especially an unfavourable one based on inadequate facts. Another definition is intolerance of or dislike for people of a specific race, religion, etc. From this, it is obvious that prejudice, although oftenRead MoreThe Theme of Prejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Prejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, there are two main themes, prejudice, and loyalty. Prejudice is the more evident theme and is shown in many different aspects through the characters and plot. Shylock and Antonio demonstrate religious discrimination between Christians and Jews. Portia and her suitors display racial discrimination. The aim of this essay is to discuss the theme of prejudiceRead MoreIs Christianity A Justifiable Excuse For Discrimination Of Lgbt Rights Within Western Society?1159 Words   |  5 Pages Mr.Baker Ap Lang March 3rd, 2017 Is Christianity a Justifiable Excuse for Discrimination of LGBT Rights Within Western Society? â€Å"Religious organization† shall be construed broadly to encompass any organization, including closely held for-profit corporations, operated for a religious purpose, even if its purpose is not exclusively religious, and is not limited to houses of worship or tax-exempt organizations, or organizations controlled by or associated with a house of worship or aRead MoreDiscussion of How Christians Can Put Their View of Racism into Action711 Words   |  3 PagesDiscussion of How Christians Can Put Their View of Racism into Action All of the Christian teachings on racism have originally started from the teachings of the scripture. It is because of this that Christians are aware that they have a responsibility to bring peace and reconciliation. However not all Christians take up this responsibility, maybe this is due to the fact that most people today go with the majority and rarely speak out as an individual. Some people howeverRead MorePrejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination on the Web991 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice, Stereotyping and discrimination on the Web People think that racism and discrimination doesn’t exist anymore, but surprisingly they do; both existed throughout human history. Discrimination may be defined as a negative, harmful behaviour toward people based on their group membership. Whereas prejudice which is an opinion rather than a fact; is a negative attitude toward members of a group, that is often very strongly held. Stereotypes are individuals beliefs that members of aRead MoreDefinition Essay On Racism1005 Words   |  5 Pages When you hear the word racist, what comes to mind? Philando Castile? The I-94 highway protest? Martin Luther King Jr.? Feminists? Christians? Islamics? Men and woman being shot by police because of the color of their skin or what they believe in? Throughout society, the definition of racism varies drastically. Some people would define it as its definition, one race against another, then there are the other uninformed members of society who would define it as blacks against whites, but

The Culture of Pakistan Essay examples - 1064 Words

The Culture of Pakistan I am always fascinated with other peoples cultures. The New York or Californian culture always amazes me although these states are in the United States. These areas of the nation seem very different than Texas. I do not have any friends that have recently moved here from another culture so, I set out to my neighborhood Stop N Go. The clerks at this convenience store are all from other countries. One clerk whom I have talked to many times, named Sohail Shah, always spoke of Pakistan. I often listened to his stories of being in the Karachi police force or of Pakistans different customs. Sohail Shah, a thirty year old male clerk at the Stop N Go located on North Braeswood near Chimney Rock, has been in the†¦show more content†¦If a Pakistani decides to marry a second wife, his first wife must approve of her. Shah says polygamy is not very common in Pakistan. A typical day in Pakistan for Shah was to wake up before sunrise and pray. His wife would prepare breakfast for him before he left for work. He would leave for his police work when an armored truck stopped at his house. He was an officer in the police force before being promoted to the secret police. Shah rode around Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan, in the truck with twelve other rifle carrying policemen the entire day. Although there is nearly zero crime in Pakistan, the threat of terrorism keeps the police busy. The crime situation is based on severe punishments such as amputation of a hand for stealing. In addition, the people of Pakistan have a very strong conscience. People leave their homes and businesses unlocked while away. When Sohail returned home, his wife would have dinner already made for him and his entire family would eat when all the men returned from work. While the men are away, the women take care of the children, bake bread, and make pottery or baskets to sell at the market. His large family would then discuss different topics of interest before retiring. I found that the funeral arrangements are somewhat strange. First, women may go to the wake when a person dies but may not enter the cemetery. When a person is buried, he or she is dressed in white and wrapped in a woven mat made ofShow MoreRelatedCulture of Pakistan1603 Words   |  7 PagesSADIA KHALID BAJWA BS EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD Culture Definition A simple definition of culture is that it is the human response to the forces of Nature and History. According to the (World Conference on Culture Policies, Mexico 1982)Culture is â€Å"the whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or social group. It includes not only arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamentalRead MoreCharacteristics Of Culture Of Pakistan1212 Words   |  5 PagesCulture is a necessity for any Soldier or Department of the Army (DA) Civilian to be aware of while operating in a foreign environment. Soldiers or DA Civilians must possess an understanding of the parameters of a culture as defined in FM 3-24, Insurgencies and Countering Insurgencies. Furthermore, FM 3-24 provides us with five characteristics that make up the culture of a region: the physical environment, economy, social structure, political structure, and belief system of the people. Today’sRead MoreImport ance Of Culture Of Pakistan1126 Words   |  5 PagesCultures revolve around the ideas and skills of a group or society. In Pakistan, the many cultures of different tribes blend to form a unified nation. Pakistani cultures influence the lives of citizens and tourists by providing memories they will cherish forever. Pakistani cultures originate from the past of families and are carried on through tradition. Celebrating the accomplishments of their past, Pakistani people remember what is important to them through their people, religion, and food. PakistanRead MoreTruck Culture of Pakistan3173 Words   |  13 Pages1. Truck Culture of Pakistan: Art in any form is joy to the eyes. In Pakistan there is this great art (known as Truck Art) which has captured the imagination of tourists and art lovers from all over the globe. Its not cheap, it’s not easy but a truck owner without a truck art is not acceptable in the Truck Drivers fraternity. 1.1 History of Vehicle Painting in Pakistan The extraordinary tradition of decorating trucks has its roots in the days of the British Raj when craftsmen made gloriousRead MoreCulture Awareness Of Afghanist Pakistan1645 Words   |  7 PagesCulture Awareness of Afghanistan SSG Leduc, Joseph T. 13B40 Senior Leaders Course Cultural Awareness of Afghanistan Afghanistan is a highly mountainous country in Asia. It is located strategically at the crossroads of major corridors of trade. The major geographical features of the country include Hindu Kush Mountains, Central Highlands, Northern Plains, and a plateau in the Southwestern part of the country (Farley, 2014, p. 6). The central highlands are an integralRead MoreEssay on Corruption Culture in Pakistan2067 Words   |  9 PagesThe corruption is universal, however, its existence varies in rate of occurrence. Since the inception of Pakistan, the country has witnessed of the rampant corruption. Many governments in general and the governments in decade of 1990 in particular has become the victim of the widespread corruption and corrupt practices. In a recent survey conducted by the Transparency International, Pakistan ranks lowered from 42th most corrupt country to 34th country in the world. Islam explicitly condemns the existenceRead MoreComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words   |  54 Pages2013 Comparative study of Pakistan and Chinese Cultures Muhammad Rashid (ID:2012420078) This report has compared the two cultures namely the Chinese and Pakistani culture by considering different parameters. The material and non-material aspects of culture are expressed and comparative study of two cultures is performed. Both the cultures have strong roots with the shades of thousands of years of civilizations. The ideology, ethics and living styles are compared with some examples and details. TheRead MoreIdentity and Culture in Presents from My Aunts in Pakistan2127 Words   |  9 PagesIDENTITY AND CULTURE IN ‘PRESENTS FROM MY AUNTS IN PAKISTAN’ The poem, ‘Presents from My Aunts in Pakistan’, appears to be about a young girl, half English, half Pakistani, talking about clothes she received as presents from her aunts, who live in Pakistan. What the poem is really exploring, though, is the poet’s views on Pakistani and English culture and how she fits into one, both or neither of these cultures. 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Pakistan is a fairly new country, but offers a beautiful country-side and a much needed increasing economy. Pakistan is located in South Asia bordered by India China, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Arabian Sea. The area of Pakistan

Marketing Plan-Rehab Center for the Elderly Free Essays

string(34) " by The Center and its employees\." The Center, located in an area with many elderly people, has to have the correct type of marketing for it to be successful. Getting to know the local population and all of the environmental, technological, and social, as well as many others, is a critical element in knowing how to prepare a marketing plan. Utilizing resources properly and evaluating the current and past situation will allow for a better future of The Center as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan-Rehab Center for the Elderly or any similar topic only for you Order Now This marketing plan lays out all of these factors to show how the next step in how The Center will be moving forward. Situation Analysis Having a rehabilitation center for the elderly in a minimally populated area can present problems for the business, but it also has its perks. Population in this general location is not the only factor that effects business; economical, and technological issues may arise also. These elements can do many things for business such as: help predict future trends of consumers, keep in touch with competition and their strategies, discover your own company’s marketing needs, know the social, political, and demographic aspects, and internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats. Organizational Analysis of Objectives and Resources This rehabilitation center’s objectives allow for persistence in outcomes and ability to reach goals. Maintaining customer satisfaction, reducing the overall cost of rehabilitative services, and reducing the cost of maintaining these services are currently important objectives (Masters, 2011). Another objective The Center is focusing on is providing housing facilities for those whom need long-term rehabilitation care. Many resources are used to sustain these objectives. Management teams and committees have been formed and put into place, as well as working with the ommunity, and using financial, technological, and educational resources. Utilizing these resources properly allow for The Center to run smoothly and efficiently. Getting to know the customer, and figuring out what they seek in a rehabilitation center are ways to maintain customer satisfaction. Research efforts have made it possible to determine that customers, as w ell as their families, enjoy the wide range of services provided along with the highest quality of care. To maintain this satisfaction, the results from research are taken into consideration and put into action as realistically as possible. Some of this research has shown that by allowing customers to be as independent as possible cause satisfaction ratings to stay up. Educational resources are used to train current and future employees on subjects pertaining to care for the elderly. For example, depending on the type of work the employee does, workshops and training sessions are given on a regular basis. All employees are required to attend at least two annually. These classes cover various topics such as how to use new technology, new management strategies, how to make life comfortable before, during, and after rehabilitation, i. . the new living facility, and how to make working conditions more enjoyable for all employees. The local and even regional communities are resources utilized by The Center as often as possible. Many individuals and social groups host fundraisers, social benefit gatherings, and some visit the patients at The Center regularly. In addition to financial support, the community also does volunteer work to keep up the landscaping, fix any minor damage to buildings, and work one-on-one with patients for moral support. Consumer Market Analysis It is an ever increasing trend for elderly consumers to want a more relaxing and convenient way to get through rehabilitation. While we offer outpatient services to our customers, it has been noted that many would benefit from a residential type setting. Furthermore, demographic research has shown an increasing number of elderly people in the local area. In a survey given to residents within a 20 mile radius and age 50 or above, the majority has shown that they are comforted by the option of staying in a housing facility during their rehabilitation. Competitive Market Analysis While other nearby healthcare centers provides rehabilitation services, none provide residential options in addition to their outpatient options. Additionally, the technology used in The Center is the latest available on the market. There have also been additions to the machinery and tools. Upgrades in technology are not the only improvements that have been made; customers wanted to have a more private visit to The Center, so stations have been separated with adjustable walls and curtains. External Market Environment Being a part of an industrial economy with few natural resources to provide for it, The Center depends on the consistency of patients and its resources to survive. The Center focuses on customer satisfaction by listening to the customer and changing the way we operate to better suit them. Another way The Center achieves a high rate of satisfaction is by understanding who the customer is on an individual level. Demographically, the location of The Center is convenient to most people within a 20-mile radius. Also, as stated earlier, the population within this area is aging fairly rapidly. The elderly population has almost doubled over the past 7 years. Machinery is not the only part of the technology upgrades that bring customers to The Center, medicine and surgery options that have been adopted by The Center have shown improvement in rehabilitation outcomes. SWOT Analysis â€Å"The SWOT structure is layered with reporting and communication channels designed to provide a system of communication and accountability† within The Center (Judy N. Muthuri, 2009). With this system, internal Strengths and Weaknesses, and external Opportunities and Treats are examined and categorized. This will allow for the company to better understand what is going on internally and externally. Internal Strengths The Center has many internal strengths, including up-to-date technology, the additional housing facility, some of the top physical therapists are located at this center, and management teams are highly trained and qualified before they are hired. Historically, The Center has been financially stable, ithout many discrepancies in regard to values and beliefs held by The Center and its employees. You read "Marketing Plan-Rehab Center for the Elderly" in category "Papers" Recently, The Center has been awarded for its high level of customer service and was recognized as one of the top grossing rehabilitative centers in the South East. Internal Weakness The main internal weakness The Center faces is cost. With the newest technology highly qualified staff an d the new housing facility, the cost of running The Center has increased significantly over the past couple of years. Because The Center is fairly large in size, it takes a lot of financial and human resources to operate. Another weakness is being understaffed. Many employees are working extra hours and days so that all positions are covered at all times. Opportunity The Center has been attempting to keep up with changing trends in healthcare, and more specifically rehabilitative care. It is essential for The Center to realize and understand how the population is changing in respect to social trends, lifestyle changes, population size and age, economic factors, legal, political, and financial changes, what the competition is doing, and technological changes (Charles Lamb, 2010). Threat The main threats The Center faces are competition, and the economy. The local competition poses a threat mainly because of the location and the lower costs for some of the same services. It is very easy to find the location of the competition. They are situated in an area that has lower traffic flow and from the interstate the customer will travel less time. Because the competition does not offer as many services, the amount of resources used to operate are much less than The Center. The economy is a threat because healthcare costs are still high. Many of the residents within a 20-mile radius are retirees and income is not very substantial, especially if they are in need of high quality rehabilitation. Marketing Plan Objectives Increasing the number of residents in the new housing facility is the main marketing goal for the next year. Over the next couple of months, The Center plans to increase awareness of The Center and the housing center by placing advertisements in several types of media outlets. Television and newspapers are the main types of media that will be used by The Center. Research has shown that people of all ages still watch TV and many ages 30 and above still read newspapers. The advertisements will appear everyday, two times per day, for the next five months. If a certain percentage of the local population sees the advertisements, the advertisements will be shown less often. Newspaper advertisements will be shown in every Sunday’s edition for five months also. Differentiation and Positioning The new housing facility is a service no other rehabilitation center has. In addition to the new facility, the services provided are of the highest quality. All staff is knowledgeable of daily operations, which allows for efficiency. Customer satisfaction is the basis of values The Center runs on. With the elderly population growing rapidly, it is important that as many services be available to them as possible. The Center has more services to offer than any local rehabilitation center. Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy is to involve the elderly population and their families by promoting the highest quality of rehabilitative care. Advertisements and other types of promotional outlets are used to market The Center and its new housing facility. Target Market Because the focus of The Center is elderly rehabilitation, the target market is those the age 50 or above and within a 20-mile radius. It is also important to target the families of these people. If the families are learning about The Center, they are more likely to propose that their elderly family member choose The Center rather than the competition. The marketing strategy also requires that doctors’ offices and hospitals refer their patients to The Center. With that type of relationship, it is more likely that more customers will go to The Center. The Marketing Mix Product/Service, price, place, and promotion are the â€Å"four P’s† of marketing. The proper combination of these four elements will increase customer ratings and revenues (WebFinance, 2013). The customer satisfaction that The Center strives for is possible because of the four P’s. It is also the reason for it being so successful over the many years it has been a part of the community. Service/Product The product being marketed is the new housing facility. Its many additional services set it apart from, not only the competition, but also any other rehabilitation center in the region. Patients are able to spend time at the rehabilitation center rather than load up the car and drive to a center and leave the same day. If this travelling becomes a burden on the patient, they will have the option of actually spending a night or several nights. Price As mentioned earlier, the price for this type of care can get expensive. But it is also important remember that this is the only place to receive certain types of services. On the positive side, the only part that can get pricy is the housing facility. After all, it is an additional service that is optional. Most of the other services offered by The Center are actually less expensive than those of the competition. There are plans to reduce the price over time after revenue increases. Place The location of The Center is very easy to access. It is relatively close to downtown and is in an area with fairly low traffic. Another factor that makes the location of The Center is navigation. It is easy to navigate the area, even from the interstate or other parts of the city; the customer can easily find The Center. Promotion Advertisement is the biggest form of promotion The Center utilizes currently. In addition to paid advertisements, the social events and fundraisers held by the community also promote The Center. It is very important to The Center to keep these close ties with the community because it is a type of informal communication that keeps the community informed. The Promotional Mix As mentioned previously, the main promotions are advertisements and an additional promotion is word-of-mouth. Advertisements are paid forms of promotion for a good or service, usually in newspapers, television, or on the radio (Dictionary. com, 2013). Promotions are ways to promote a good or service to the public through means of personal appearance, brochures, and posters (Dictionary. com, Promotion, Define Promotion at Dictionary. com, 2013). Advertising Newspapers and television are the main sources of advertisement for The Center. Many other forms are used but are typically considered informal. Word-of-mouth advertising is another useful form that lets people know the services provided by The Center. Personal Selling Personal selling is not a form of promotion that The Center uses regularly. It is much too costly, and from past experiences, it is not very successful. Publicity The fundraisers and social events hosted by the community are the two main ways The Center gets publicity. Such events are open to anyone who wishes to join. They are held every couple of months and bring in a lot of new and prospective customers. They are also beneficial because many of the customers, past and present, join in and tell of their experiences while at The Center. Sales Promotion It is very rare for a rehabilitation company to offer sales promotions in return for healthcare services. It is difficult to allow for customers to not pay for the service they have received because of the cost of rehabilitation; therefore, sales promotions are not offered at The Center. Implementation and Control The marketing plan will be implemented at the beginning of the next quarter. Management teams and all members of the staff have been informed of this and are being trained to properly implement the new strategy. The ideal outcome is that The Center will gain customers and therefore increase revenue. Advertisements and promotions are being used to encourage customers choose The Center. How to cite Marketing Plan-Rehab Center for the Elderly, Papers

The Mystery Surrounding The Dreyfus Affair Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Mystery Surrounding the Dreyfus Affair by Mitchell Fishbein A.P. European History Mr. Ascuito April 4, 1999 The Dreyfus matter was the consequence of many unfortunate fortunes, non the planned premeditated intercession of the Gallic Army. It was the result of sensible intuition, acted on by disdain, some circumstantial grounds, and natural bias. However, the knowing ground forces coverup, and fly-by-night courtroom processs, were responsible for stamp downing of import grounds and maintaining an of import Gallic Army officer incarcerated in beastly conditions. Alfred Dreyfus was born into a affluent Judaic household on October 9, 1859 in the town of Mulhouse located in the state of Alsace, under Gallic regulation. However the Dreyfus household moved after the Franco-Prussian War in order to stay Gallic citizens. Dreyfus choose a Military Career, and entered the E kale Polytechnique in 1878. As a immature officer, Dreyfus was competent and hardworking, although non superb or popular. In 1889, Dreyfus attained the rank of heavy weapon captain, and was assigned as a trainee to the general staff. On July 20, 1894, a Gallic officer, Marie Charles Ferdinand Walstin-Esterhazy, offers to sell secret Gallic military files, to the German military attache, Lieutenant Colonel Max von Schwartzkoppen. Esterhazy left a note, or bordereau as it came to be known, for the German attache in his mail box, but it was retrieved by a Gallic agent. It ended up in the custodies of Colonel Sandherr, who torn it to pieces, to do it look that Lt. Col. Had Schwartzkoppen read the missive and torn it up. The cleansing amah retrieved the grounds. Typically, Lieutenant Colonel Hubert Henry would be in Paris, and this faithless information would hold gone consecutive to him, but that twenty-four hours he was on leave. Colonel Henry, was a friend of Esterhazy # 8217 ; s, might hold recognized the similarity between the two manus Hagiographas, but be as it may it was the first of several unfortunate fortunes that, resulted in Dreyfus # 8217 ; s strong belief. This was, supposofly, non the first grounds of Gallic lese majesty. Another note was found written by the Italian attache to Paris, Lieutenant Colonel Panizzardi, to Schwartzkoppen. In this missive, Panizzardi referred to an agent by # 8220 ; Scoundrel D. # 8221 ; Officers madly searched the files of officers that might hold entree to some of the extremely classified stuff mentioned in the missive. They rapidly came across the name of Alfred Dreyfus. This would be the 2nd unfortunate circumstance. The happenstance that Alfred # 8217 ; s last name started with the missive D. Dreyfus # 8217 ; s composing samples were scrutinized by Major Marquis Du Paty de Clam who was indecisive. Major Marquis, summoned a handwriting expert from the Banque de France, who was every bit unsure. On October 15, 1894, Dreyfus was summoned by Major Du Paty to look at central offices, have oning civilian apparels. Major Du Paty dictated from the bordereau, and Dreyfus was order to compose it down. Dreyfu s did so calmly, except for some shaking due to the coldness of the fall twenty-four hours. Major Du Paty became infuriated by his composure, and believed it was a frontage to hide his guilt. Dreyfus was instantly arrested for lese majesty, by Minister of War General Auguste Mercier. Dreyfus instinctively pronounced his artlessness. Subsequently Major Du Paty de Clam offered him a gun to perpetrate self-destruction, but Dreyfus would non, stating that he would populate to turn out his artlessness and justify his award. The 3rd unfortunate set of circumstance was the fact that Alfred Dreyfus was a Jew, and non a popular officer. At age 30 six Dreyfus was of medium tallness, with brown hair, and a toneless voice, and distinguished merely by his rimless pince-nez spectacless. Dreyfus # 8217 ; s deficiency of friends and uneven visual aspect left him in a vulnerable place. Dreyfus was stiff, cold, and about unnaturally right. His demeanour, the antonym of royal poinciana, seemed to be the perfect screen for a undercover agent. The 1890 # 8217 ; s was a period of widespread and hostile antisemitism in France. Hatred toward the Jews was financed by Monarchists, Patriots, Jesuits, and Catholic functionaries running deep into the most respectable territories. France was still enduring from her licking by the Germans in 1870, in which Alsace and Lorraine was lost. In 1892, the Panama Canal Scandal broke which revealed that 104 deputies were involved in the pickings of illegal payoffs, doing the company to travel bankrupt. Several of the taking participants involved in the dirt were Judaic bankers, and Gallic bitterness towards the Jews increased when many Gallic investors lost their money. Because of Dreyfus # 8217 ; s faith, the Gallic people and officers found it easier to accept his guilt as the whipping boy. For two months, Dreyfus was held in prison, without visitational rights, while the ground forces built it # 8217 ; s instance. Dreyfus was so committed to the award of France and it # 8217 ; s officers, he was certain they would non manufacture grounds and would shortly recognize the error and release him. Meanwhile, the Dreyfus place was searched and Major Du Paty questioned his married woman, and warned her non to talk to anyone refering Alfred. The ground forces did non happen any longer criminative grounds and lacked a motivation. Gen. Mercier realized that the instance against Dreyfus was circumstantial at best. Mercier knew that Dreyfus would non usually hold entree to some of the sensitive stuff mentioned in the bordereau. He besides knew that Dreyfus was non scheduled for any ground forces manoeuvres at that clip, as it was said it the bordereau. The lone piece of difficult, true grounds was the unsigned bordereau, and the expert handwriting committee was divided as to who the existent writer was. General Mercier understood a strong belief would be based upon one of two things: a confession or incontestable script designation. F or Dreyfus, the following set of unfortunate fortunes occurred when General Mercier, drastically changed the whole position of the instance. Colonel Henry became fearful that his friend, Esterhazy would be named as the true perpetrator, so Henry leaked the narrative to a anti-semitic newspaper, La Libre Parole. Due to the deficiency of grounds and motivation, the War Department planned on let go ofing Dreyfus. This was all changed on November 1, 1894 when La Libre Parole accused Mercier of being a Judaic sympathiser, and that he was being paid off by the mob of international Jewry. Suddenly Mercier realized that if Dreyfus was freed, his place as Minister of War, would be in danger and worse, perchance, the authorities itself. In response to La Libre Parole’s accusal, Mercier summoned the military editor from the newspaper Figaro. Here he stated he had â€Å"proofs that cried aloud the lese majesty of Dreyfus† and he reiterated Dreyfus’s â€Å"guilt with absolut e certain.† The power and significance of Mercier’s words were immediately recognized, for it changed the whole matter. Even before the test, Mercier tied the ground forces to Dreyfus’s guilt, and secured the army’s base on the instance. Mercier’s words were interpreted even further by the many influential and colored newspapers of bend of the century France. Cassagnac, the monarchist editor, wrote in L Autorite, † If Dreyfus is acquitted, Mercier goes†and since Mercier works for the authorities, â€Å"If Dreyfus is non guilty so the authorities is.† The first test of Captain Alfred Dreyfus started on December 19, 1894 in Paris. It can be said that Dreyfus # 8217 ; s destiny was sealed in the first Court session, when the tribunal voted to hold the Sessionss in camera, with all public and imperativeness restricted. Such unnatural proceedings, which have long been held in neglect in France and other Western states, were allowed due to the nature and traffics, of top secret military information which were wholly uncorroborated, . This becomes the first, but non last controversial courtroom opinion. The 2nd twenty-four hours of tribunal found Lt. Col. Henry attesting that in March, a respectable officer told him that another officer was perpetrating lese majesty. Henry so said, that in June the same individual named the treasonist as Alfred Dreyfus. Dreyfus became emotional and demanded to cognize who his accuser was. Henry responded with a smiling, # 8221 ; There are secrets in an officer # 8217 ; s head that even his cap must n on know. # 8221 ; The 2nd irregular courtroom determination was to uphold Lieutenant Colonel Henry # 8217 ; s vail of secretiveness. He would non hold to unwrap the name of the officer, but simply to curse on his award he told the truth. On the 3rd twenty-four hours, the adept manus authors testified, but they were non really convincing, and sentiment seemed to put with the accused. Mercier, genuinely believing that Dreyfus was guilty of lese majesty, had planned for merely this state of affairs. General Mercier ordered Major Du Paty to manus the presiding justice, Colonel Maurel, an envelope incorporating counterfeits, ( such as the Panizzardi missive ) irrelevances, and hearsay all implicating Dreyfus as the perpetrator. This came to be known as the # 8220 ; secret file # 8221 ; or dossier secret. This so became the 3rd illegal, and scandalous courtroom behavior, because the contents of the dossier were neer revealed to Dreyfus # 8217 ; s lawyer, Charles Demange, which discre dits the whole test and renders it illegal. General Mercier to the full realized the effects of his actions, and paid for it. Dreyfus # 8217 ; s defence lawyer, shuting statements lasted for three hours, in it which he contended that the prosecution did non even bother to offer a motivation, which they said it was non up to them to provide one, but that the obscure similarity of the bordereau and Dreyfus # 8217 ; s script was ground adequate to convict. The Judgess so went to their Chamberss, where unknown to the defence, and in unfastened misdemeanor of Gallic jurisprudence, they opened the secret file. The deliberations lasted one hr and the finding of fact was consentaneous, Dreyfus was guilty. Later that twenty-four hours on the site of his disapprobation, a triumph rabble gathered shouting anti-semitic comments everyplace. Among the crowd was the Paris letter writer for the Vienna Neue Freie Presse, Theodore Herzl. He was so disturbed by the crowd that he when he returned place he wrote Der Judenstaat, an essay whose exclusive intent was the # 8220 ; Restoration of the Jewish state. # 8221 ; Within 18 months, Herzl organized the first Zionist Congress, made up of two 100 delegates from 15 states. Suddenly the Dreyfus matter took on a whole new intent, which the Judaic people have been waiting for 18 hundred old ages. Two hebdomads subsequently, Alfred Dreyfus was humiliated, by being stripped of his decorations and uniform, and made to walk down a line of officers, who looked on with disgust. In the summer of 1895, Lieutenant Colonel George Picquart, was appointed head of the Intelligence Bureau of the General Staff. Picquart accepted Dreyfus # 8217 ; s guilt, and did non analyze the instance. After about eight months he stumbled on an unsettling happenstance one twenty-four hours in March of 1896. Picquarts # 8217 ; officers brought him a missive, written by Colonel Schwartzkoppen to a Gallic foot officer, Esterhazy. This missive, known as petit blue cheese, was a major accelerator for Picquart and his renewed probe. The more Picquart thought about the missive the more intrigued he became. He re- opened up the Dreyfus file, and to his daze he found nil but counterfeits, and rumours. Picquart investigated further, and came to the decision that the existent treasonist was an Infantry Major named Walsin Esterhazy. Esterhazy seemed a much better campaigner for a undercover agent. He drank, whored, was a bad male parent, and had gaming debts. He brought his findings to the Chief and Assistant Chief of the General Staff, Generals Boisdeffre and Gonse. Picquart shortly realized, due to Boisdeffre and Gonse # 8217 ; s unwillingness to either prosecute Esterhazy or release Dreyfus, that the Gallic Army # 8217 ; s award was at interest. He